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On June 10, 2021, the 29th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress passed the Hainan Free Trade Port Law of the People's Republic of China, which determined to establish and improve the Hainan Free Trade Port customs supervision special zone system with closed-off customs operations on the entire island.
South China’s tropical island province of Hainan is intensifying efforts to establish itself as a high-level free trade port (FTP) by 2025. Key plans were outlined in a government work report presented during the annual session of the Hainan Provincial People’s Congress on Tuesday.
"The island-wide independent customs operation is a flagship move for the development of the Hainan FTP and a key measure to further expand opening-up," Wang said, calling it "a milestone" in China's opening-up efforts.
Looking ahead, the Hainan FTP will prioritize promoting the free and efficient flow of key production factors, including trade, investment, cross-border capital, personnel and logistics, alongside the secure and orderly movement of data, according to Cai.
Among all RET resources, solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are the most widely used off-grid solutions in remote and rural regions . This is due to the presence of abundant solar irradiance in most parts of the world and the decreasing cost of PV systems and accessories.
It is also demonstrated in IEA-PVPS Report T9-13:2013 that PV hybrid systems are technically and economically feasible as a standalone off-grid power supply system for remote and rural communities worldwide .
Therefore, off-grid solutions are considered an integral part of the standalone off-grid power supply (SOPS) systems in the remote and rural areas by energy planners. Diesel-powered systems are primarily chosen to electrify these areas due to low capital cost and consolidated supply chain in the regions .
A study conducted by Lombardi et al. (2016) proposed a framework to be used for planning new isolated power systems or upgrading the old ones in remote Russian regions. The framework was based on the AHP, aided with microgrid energy flow simulation using HOMER Energy tool.
The power station will be built in phases, with the first phase of 25 megawatts capacity followed by the second phase of equal magnitude. The energy from this solar plant will be integrated into the Beninese national electricity grid, during the 25 years of the solar farm's expected lifespan.
The solar farm is under development by the Government of Benin, with funding from the European Union (EU), the French Development Agency (AFD) and the Beninese Electricity Company (SBEE). The power station will be built in phases, with the first phase of 25 megawatts capacity followed by the second phase of equal magnitude.
The Beninese government selected the French engineering and construction conglomerate Eiffage to design, construct, operate, maintain the solar farm for the first three years of commercial operation, then transfer it to SBEE. Eiffage in turn, tasked two of its subsidiaries, Eiffage Énergie Systèmes and RMT to carry out the task.
Protect components from avoidable damage and costly failures. A lightning protection system for ground-mounted PV systems protects them from direct lightning strikes and transient overvoltages. It protects the power plant area as well as the modules, the inverters and the plant monitoring system.
No, the risk of a lightning strike is not increased by the installation of a standard PV system on or near a building. How does surge protection for photovoltaic systems work? Surge protection for photovoltaic systems is crucial to protect the system from damage caused by unexpected voltage peaks.
If the PV system is installed on a building with an existing lightning protection system, the PV system must also be properly included in the lightning protection system. The inverters are classified as having Type III (class D) protection (limited protection).
While solar systems will always remain in highly exposed environments, they can be designed to be safe from the effects of lightning.
